--- parser3/src/main/pa_string.C	2001/02/13 10:09:53	1.20
+++ parser3/src/main/pa_string.C	2003/03/18 16:00:07	1.172.2.21.2.2
@@ -1,300 +1,741 @@
-/*
-  $Id: pa_string.C,v 1.20 2001/02/13 10:09:53 paf Exp $
+/** @file
+	Parser: string class. @see untasize_t.C.
+
+	Copyright (c) 2001-2003 ArtLebedev Group (http://www.artlebedev.com)
+	Author: Alexandr Petrosian <paf@design.ru> (http://paf.design.ru)
 */
 
-#include <string.h>
+static const char* IDENT_STRING_C="$Date: 2003/03/18 16:00:07 $";
+
+#include "pcre.h"
 
-#include "pa_pool.h"
 #include "pa_string.h"
-#include "pa_hash.h"
+#include "pa_exception.h"
+#include "pa_table.h"
+#include "pa_dictionary.h"
+#include "pa_charset.h"
+
+// helpers
+
+/// String::match uses this as replace & global search table columns
+
+const int MAX_MATCH_GROUPS=100;
+
+class String_match_table_template_columns: public ArrayString {
+public:
+	String_match_table_template_columns() {
+		*this+=new String("prematch");
+		*this+=new String("match");
+		*this+=new String("postmatch");
+		for(int i=0; i<MAX_MATCH_GROUPS; i++) {
+			char *cname=new char[3/*strlen("100")*/+1/*terminating 0*/];
+			*this+=new String(cname, sprintf(cname, "%d", 1+i));
+		}
+	}
+};
 
-// String
+Table string_match_table_template(
+				  Exception::undefined_source, 
+				  new String_match_table_template_columns);
 
-String::String(Pool& apool) :
-	Pooled(apool) {
-	head.count=curr_chunk_rows=CR_PREALLOCATED_COUNT;
-	append_here=head.rows;
-	head.preallocated_link=0;
-	link_row=&head.rows[curr_chunk_rows];
-	fused_rows=fsize=0;
-}
-
-void String::expand() {
-	curr_chunk_rows+=curr_chunk_rows*CR_GROW_PERCENT/100;
-	Chunk *chunk=static_cast<Chunk *>(
-		pool.malloc(sizeof(int)+sizeof(Chunk::Row)*curr_chunk_rows+sizeof(Chunk *)));
-	chunk->count=curr_chunk_rows;
-	link_row->link=chunk;
-	append_here=chunk->rows;
-	link_row=&chunk->rows[curr_chunk_rows];
-	link_row->link=0;
-}
-
-String::String(const String& src) :
-	Pooled(src.pool) {
-	head.count=CR_PREALLOCATED_COUNT;
-	
-	int src_used_rows=src.used_rows();
-	if(src_used_rows<=head.count) {
-		// all new rows fit into preallocated area
-		curr_chunk_rows=head.count;
-		memcpy(head.rows, src.head.rows, sizeof(Chunk::Row)*src_used_rows);
-		append_here=&head.rows[src_used_rows];
-		link_row=&head.rows[curr_chunk_rows];
-	} else {
-		// warning: 
-		//   heavily relies on the fact 
-		//   "preallocated area is the same for all strings"
-		//
-		// info:
-		//   allocating only enough mem to fit src string rows
-		//   next append would allocate a new chunk
-		//
-		// new rows don't fit into preallocated area: splitting into two chunks
-		// preallocated chunk src to constructing head
-		memcpy(head.rows, src.head.rows, sizeof(Chunk::Row)*head.count);
-		// remaining rows into new_chunk
-		curr_chunk_rows=src_used_rows-head.count;
-		Chunk *new_chunk=static_cast<Chunk *>(
-			pool.malloc(sizeof(int)+sizeof(Chunk::Row)*curr_chunk_rows+sizeof(Chunk *)));
-		new_chunk->count=curr_chunk_rows;
-		head.preallocated_link=new_chunk;
-		append_here=link_row=&new_chunk->rows[curr_chunk_rows];
-
-		Chunk *old_chunk=src.head.preallocated_link; 
-		Chunk::Row *new_rows=new_chunk->rows;
-		int rows_left_to_copy=curr_chunk_rows;
-		while(true) {
-			int old_count=old_chunk->count;
-			Chunk *next_chunk=old_chunk->rows[old_count].link;
-			if(next_chunk) {
-				// not last source chunk
-				// taking it all
-				memcpy(new_rows, old_chunk->rows, sizeof(Chunk::Row)*old_count);
-				new_rows+=old_count;
-				rows_left_to_copy-=old_count;
+// methods
 
-				old_chunk=next_chunk;
-			} else {
-				// the last source chunk
-				// taking only those rows of chunk that _left_to_copy
-				memcpy(new_rows, old_chunk->rows, sizeof(Chunk::Row)*rows_left_to_copy);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	link_row->link=0;
-	fused_rows=src_used_rows;
-	fsize=src.fsize;
+String::String(const char* src, size_t src_size, bool tainted): body(CORD_EMPTY) {
+	if(src)
+		if(tainted)
+			APPEND_TAINTED(src, src_size, 0, 0);
+		else
+			APPEND_CLEAN(src, src_size, 0, 0);
 }
 
+String::String(const String& src): body(src.body), fragment_info(src.fragment_info) {}
+
 String& String::real_append(STRING_APPEND_PARAMS) {
 	if(!src)
 		return *this;
-	int len=strlen(src);
-	if(!len)
+	if(!size)
+		size=strlen(src);
+	if(!size)
 		return *this;
 
-	if(chunk_is_full())
-		expand();
-
-	append_here->item.ptr=src;
-	fsize+=append_here->item.size=len;
-#ifndef NO_STRING_ORIGIN
-	append_here->item.origin.file=file;
-	append_here->item.origin.line=line;
-#endif
-	append_here++; fused_rows++;
+	body=CORD_cat_char_star(body, src, size);
+	fragment_info+=Fragment_info(lang, size);
 
 	return *this;
 }
 
-char *String::cstr() const {
-	char *result=static_cast<char *>(pool.malloc(size()+1));
-
-	char *copy_here=result;
-	const Chunk *chunk=&head; 
-	do {
-		const Chunk::Row *row=chunk->rows;
-		for(int i=0; i<chunk->count; i++) {
-			if(row==append_here)
-				goto break2;
-
-			memcpy(copy_here, row->item.ptr, row->item.size);
-			copy_here+=row->item.size;
-			row++;
-		}
-		chunk=row->link;
-	} while(chunk);
-break2:
-	*copy_here=0;
+static int CORD_batched_iter_fn_generic_hash_code(const char * s, void * client_data) {
+	uint& result=*static_cast<uint*>(client_data);
+	generic_hash_code(result, s);
+};
+uint String::hash_code() const {
+	uint result=0;
+	CORD_iter5(body, 0, 0, CORD_batched_iter_fn_generic_hash_code, &result);
 	return result;
 }
 
-uint String::hash_code() const {
-	uint result=0;
+/// @todo move 'lang' skipping to pos
+int String::cmp(int& partial, const String& src, 
+				size_t this_offset, Untaint_lang lang) const {
+	partial=-1;
+	size_t a_size=size();
+	this_offset=min(this_offset, a_size-1);
+
+	const String_fragment *a_current=felements;
+	const String_fragment *b_current=src.felements;
+	size_t a_offset=this_offset;
+	size_t b_offset=0;
+	String_fragment *a_end=felements+fused;
+	String_fragment *b_end=src.felements+src.fused;
+	int result;
+	size_t pos=0; 
 
-	const Chunk *chunk=&head; 
-	do {
-		const Chunk::Row *row=chunk->rows;
-		for(int i=0; i<chunk->count; i++) {
-			if(row==append_here)
-				goto break2;
+	bool a_break;
+	bool b_break;
+	while(true) {
+		a_break=(a_current==a_end);
+		b_break=(b_current==b_end);
+		if(a_break || b_break)
+			break;
 
-			result=Hash::generic_code(result, row->item.ptr, row->item.size);
-			row++;
+		if(pos+a_current->size > this_offset) {
+			if(lang!=UL_UNSPECIFIED && a_current->lang>(String_UL)lang) 
+				return -1; // wrong lang -- bail out
+
+			int size_diff=
+				(a_current->size-a_offset)-
+				(b_current->size-b_offset);
+			
+			if(size_diff==0) { // a has same size as b
+				result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_current->ptr+b_offset, 
+					a_current->size-a_offset);
+				if(result)
+					return result;
+				pos+=a_current->size;
+				a_current++; a_offset=0;
+				b_current++; b_offset=0;
+			} else if(size_diff>0) { // a longer
+				result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_current->ptr+b_offset, 
+					b_current->size-b_offset);
+				if(result)
+					return result;
+				a_offset+=b_current->size-b_offset;
+				b_current++; b_offset=0;
+			} else { // b longer
+				result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_current->ptr+b_offset, 
+					a_current->size-a_offset);
+				if(result)
+					return result;
+				b_offset+=a_current->size-a_offset;
+				pos+=a_current->size;
+				a_current++; a_offset=0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			a_offset-=a_current->size;
+			pos+=a_current->size;
+			a_current++;
 		}
-		chunk=row->link;
-	} while(chunk);
-break2:
-	return result;
+	}
+	if(a_break==b_break) { // ended simultaneously
+		partial=0; return 0;
+	} else if(a_break) { // first bytes equal, but a ended before b
+		partial=1; return -1;
+	} else {
+		partial=2; return +1;
+	}
 }
 
-bool String::operator == (const String& src) const {
-	if(size() != src.size())
-		return false;
+/// @todo move 'lang' skipping to pos
+int String::cmp(int& partial, const char* b_ptr, size_t src_size, 
+				size_t this_offset, Untaint_lang lang) const {
+	partial=-1;
+	size_t a_size=size();
+	size_t b_size=src_size?src_size:b_ptr?strlen(b_ptr):0;
+	this_offset=min(this_offset, a_size-1);
+
+	const String_fragment *a_current=felements;
+	size_t a_offset=this_offset;
+	size_t b_offset=0;
+	String_fragment *a_end=felements+fused;
+	size_t pos=0;
 
-	const Chunk *a_chunk=&head;
-	const Chunk *b_chunk=&src.head;
-	const Chunk::Row *a_row=a_chunk->rows;
-	const Chunk::Row *b_row=b_chunk->rows;
-	int a_offset=0;
-	int b_offset=0;
-	Chunk::Row *a_end=append_here;
-	Chunk::Row *b_end=src.append_here;
-	int a_countdown=a_chunk->count;
-	int b_countdown=b_chunk->count;
-	bool a_break=false;
-	bool b_break=false;
+	bool a_break;
+	bool b_break=b_size==0;
 	while(true) {
-		int size_diff=
-			(a_row->item.size-a_offset)-
-			(b_row->item.size-b_offset);
-
-		if(size_diff==0) { // a has same size as b
-			if(memcmp(a_row->item.ptr+a_offset, b_row->item.ptr+b_offset, a_row->item.size-a_offset)!=0)
-				return false;
-			a_row++; a_countdown--; a_offset=0;
-			b_row++; b_countdown--; b_offset=0;
-		} else if (size_diff>0) { // a longer
-			if(memcmp(a_row->item.ptr+a_offset, b_row->item.ptr+b_offset, b_row->item.size-b_offset)!=0)
-				return false;
-			a_offset+=b_row->item.size-b_offset;
-			b_row++; b_countdown--; b_offset=0;
-		} else { // b longer
-			if(memcmp(a_row->item.ptr+a_offset, b_row->item.ptr+b_offset, a_row->item.size-a_offset)!=0)
-				return false;
-			b_offset+=a_row->item.size-a_offset;
-			a_row++; a_countdown--; a_offset=0;
-		}
-
-		a_break=a_row==a_end;
-		b_break=b_row==b_end;
+		a_break=(a_current==a_end);
 		if(a_break || b_break)
 			break;
-
-		if(!a_countdown) {
-			a_chunk=a_row->link;
-			a_row=a_chunk->rows;
-			a_countdown=a_chunk->count;
-		}
-		if(!b_countdown) {
-			b_chunk=b_row->link;
-			b_row=b_chunk->rows;
-			b_countdown=b_chunk->count;
+		if(pos+a_current->size > this_offset) {
+			if(lang!=UL_UNSPECIFIED && a_current->lang>(String_UL)lang) 
+				return -1; // wrong lang -- bail out
+
+			int size_diff=
+				(a_current->size-a_offset)-
+				(b_size-b_offset);
+			
+			if(size_diff==0) { // a has same size as b
+				if(int result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_ptr+b_offset, 
+					a_current->size-a_offset)!=0)
+					return result;
+				pos+=a_current->size;
+				a_current++; a_offset=0;
+				b_break=true;
+			} else if (size_diff>0) { // a longer
+				if(int result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_ptr+b_offset, 
+					b_size-b_offset)!=0)
+					return result;
+				a_offset+=b_size-b_offset;
+				b_break=true;
+			} else { // b longer
+				if(int result=memcmp(a_current->ptr+a_offset, b_ptr+b_offset, 
+					a_current->size-a_offset)!=0)
+					return result;
+				b_offset+=a_current->size-a_offset;
+				pos+=a_current->size;
+				a_current++; a_offset=0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			a_offset-=a_current->size; 
+			pos+=a_current->size;
+			a_current++; 
 		}
 	}
-	return a_break==b_break;
+	if(a_break==b_break) { // ended simultaneously
+		partial=0; return 0;
+	} else if(a_break) { // first bytes equal, but a ended before b
+		partial=1; return -1;
+	} else {
+		partial=2; return +1;
+	}
 }
 
-String& String::append(const String_iterator& begin, const String_iterator& end) {
-	return z;
+#ifndef NO_STRING_ORIGIN
+const String_fragment::Origin& String::origin() const { 
+	if(is_empty()) {
+		static const String_fragment::Origin empty_origin={"empty string"};
+		return empty_origin;
+	}
+	
+	// determining origin by first piece or last appended piece
+	// because any of them can be constant=without origin: 
+	// ex: ^load[/file] "document_root" + "/file"
+	// when last peice is constant, 
+	// ex: parser_root_auto_path{dynamic} / auto.p{const}
+	// using first piece
+	String_fragment::Origin& first_origin=felements[0].origin;
+	return first_origin.file ? first_origin : felements[fused-1].origin;
 }
+#endif
 
-// Char_set
+const String& String::mid(size_t start, size_t finish) const {
+	const String& result(new String());
 
-Char_set::Char_set() {
-	memset(bools, 0, sizeof(bools));
+	start=min(start, size());
+	finish=max(start, finish);
+	if(start==finish)
+		return result;
+
+	size_t pos=0;
+	STRING_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+		size_t item_finish=pos+fragment->size;
+		if(item_finish > start) { // started now or already?
+			bool started=result->is_empty(); // started now?
+			bool finished=finish <= item_finish; // finished now?
+			size_t offset=started?start-pos:0;
+			size_t size=finished?finish-pos:fragment->size;
+			result->APPEND(
+				fragment->ptr+offset, size-offset, 
+				fragment->lang,
+				fragment->origin.file, fragment->origin.line);
+			if(finished)
+				goto break2;
+		}
+		pos+=fragment->size;
+	);
+break2:
+//	SAPI::log(pool(), "piece of '%s' from %d to %d is '%s'",
+		//cstr(), start, finish, result.cstr());
+	return result;
 }
 
-// String_iterator 
+int String::pos(const String& substr, 
+				int result, Untaint_lang lang) const {
+	size_t self_size=size();
+	for(; size_t(result)<self_size; result++) {
+		int partial; cmp(partial, substr, result, lang);
+		if(
+			partial==0 || // full match
+			partial==2) // 'substr' starts 'this'+'result'
+			return result;
+	}
+	
+	return -1;
+}
 
-	// home string
-	String& string;
-	// the row in which we are
-	Chunk::Row *read_here;
-	// position in that row's string fragment
-	int offset;
-	// when read_here reaches this row, move to the next chunk
-	Chunk::Row *link_row;
+int String::pos(const char* substr, size_t substr_size, 
+				int result, Untaint_lang lang) const {
+	size_t self_size=size();
+	for(; size_t(result)<self_size; result++) {
+		int partial; cmp(partial, substr, substr_size, result, lang);
+		if(
+			partial==0 || // full match
+			partial==2) // 'substr' starts 'this'+'result'
+			return result;
+	}
+	
+	return -1;
+}
 
-	bool feof;
+void String::split(ArrayString& result, 
+				   size_t* pos_after_ref, 
+				   const char* delim, size_t delim_size, 
+				   Untaint_lang lang, int limit) {
+todo:we can ignore lang in cmp and pos really, 
+		but would split properly!
+
+	size_t self_size=size();
+	if(delim_size) {
+		size_t pos_after=pos_after_ref?*pos_after_ref:0;
+		int pos_before;
+		// while we have 'delim'...
+		for(; (pos_before=pos(delim, delim_size, pos_after, lang))>=0 && limit; limit--) {
+			result+=mid(pos_after, pos_before);
+			pos_after=pos_before+delim_size;
+		}
+		// last piece
+		if(pos_after<self_size && limit) {
+			result+=mid(pos_after, self_size);
+			pos_after=self_size;
+		}
+		if(pos_after_ref)
+			*pos_after_ref=pos_after;
+	} else { // empty delim
+		result+=String* (this);
+		if(pos_after_ref)
+			*pos_after_ref+=self_size;
+	}
+}
 
-String_iterator::String_iterator(String& astring) :	
-	string(astring), 
-	offset(0),
-	feof(astring.size()==0),
-	read_here(astring.head.rows),
-	link_row(astring.preallocated_link) {
+void String::split(ArrayString& result, 
+				   size_t* pos_after_ref, 
+				   const String& delim, Untaint_lang lang, 
+				   int limit) {
+	if(!delim.is_empty()) {
+		size_t pos_after=pos_after_ref?*pos_after_ref:0;
+		int pos_before;
+		// while we have 'delim'...
+		for(; (pos_before=pos(delim, pos_after, lang))>=0 && limit; limit--) {
+			result+=mid(pos_after, pos_before);
+			pos_after=pos_before+delim.size();
+		}
+		// last piece
+		if(pos_after<size() && limit) {
+			result+=mid(pos_after, size());
+			pos_after=size();
+		}
+		if(pos_after_ref)
+			*pos_after_ref=pos_after;
+	} else { // empty delim
+		result+=String* (this);
+		if(pos_after_ref)
+			*pos_after_ref+=size();
+	}
 }
 
-char String_iterator::operator() {
-	return feof?0:read_here->item.ptr[offset];
+static void regex_options(const String& options, int *result, bool& need_pre_post_match){
+    struct Regex_option {
+		const char* keyL;
+		const char* keyU;
+		int clear, set;
+		int *result;
+		bool *flag;
+    } regex_option[]={
+		{"i", "I", 0, PCRE_CASELESS, result}, // a=A
+		{"s", "S", 0, PCRE_DOTALL, result}, // \n\n$ [default]
+		{"x", "U", 0, PCRE_EXTENDED, result}, // whitespace in regex ignored
+		{"m", "M", PCRE_DOTALL, PCRE_MULTILINE, result}, // ^aaa\n$^bbb\n$
+		{"g", "G", 0, true, result+1}, // many rows
+		{"'", 0, 0, 0, 0, &need_pre_post_match},
+		{0}
+    };
+	result[0]=PCRE_EXTRA | PCRE_DOTALL | PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY;
+	result[1]=0;
+
+    if(options) 
+		for(Regex_option *o=regex_option; o->keyL; o++) 
+			if(options->pos(o->keyL)>=0
+				|| (o->keyU && options->pos(o->keyU)>=0)) {
+				if(o->flag)
+					*o->flag=true;
+				else { // result
+					*o->result &= ~o->clear;
+					*o->result |= o->set;
+				}
+			}
 }
 
-void String_iterator::skip() {
-	if(feof)
-		return;
+Table* String::match(Charset& source_charset,
+					   const String& aorigin,		
+					   const String& regexp, 
+					   const String& options,
+					   Row_action row_action, void *info,
+					   bool& just_matched) const { 
+	if(regexp.is_empty())
+		throw Exception(0,
+			aorigin,
+			"regexp is empty");
+
+	const char* pattern=regexp.cstr();
+	const char* errptr;
+	int erroffset;
+    bool need_pre_post_match=false;
+	int option_bits[2];  regex_options(options, option_bits, need_pre_post_match);
+	bool global=option_bits[1]!=0;
+	pcre *code=pcre_compile(pattern.get(), option_bits[0], 
+		&errptr, &erroffset,
+		source_charset.pcre_tables);
+
+	if(!code)
+		throw Exception(0,
+			regexp.mid(erroffset, regexp.size()),
+			"regular expression syntax error - %s", errptr);
+	
+	int subpatterns=pcre_info(code, 0, 0);
+	if(subpatterns<0) {
+		pcre_free(code);
+		throw Exception(0,
+			aorigin,
+			"pcre_info error (%d)", 
+				subpatterns);
+	}
 
-	if(++offset==read_here->item.size) {
-		if(++read_here==string.append_here) {
-			feof=true;
-			return;
+	const char* subject=cstr();
+	int length=size();
+	const int ovecsize=(1/*match*/+MAX_MATCH_GROUPS)*3;
+	int ovector[ovecsize];
+
+	// create table
+	Table* table(new Table(string_match_table_template));
+
+	int exec_option_bits=0;
+	int prestart=0;
+	int poststart=0;
+	int postfinish=size();
+	while(true) {
+		int exec_substrings=pcre_exec(code, 0,
+			subject.get(), length, prestart,
+			exec_option_bits, ovector, ovecsize);
+		
+		if(exec_substrings==PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH) {
+			pcre_free(code);
+			row_action(table, Array0/*last time, no raw*/, 0, 0, poststart, postfinish, info);
+			if(global || subpatterns)
+				return table; // global or with subpatterns=true+result
+			else {
+				just_matched=false; return Table*(0); // not global=no result
+			}
 		}
-		offset=0;
-		if(read_here==link_row) {
-			Chunk *chunk=link_row->link;
-			if(!chunk)
-				string.pool.exception().raise(
-					"String_iterator::skip() missed "
-					"read_here==string.append_here check");
 
-			read_here=chunk->rows;
-			link_row=chunk->rows[chunk->count];
+		if(exec_substrings<0) {
+			pcre_free(code);
+			throw Exception(0,
+				aorigin,
+				"regular expression execute error (%d)", 
+					exec_substrings);
+		}
+
+		int prefinish=ovector[0];
+		poststart=ovector[1];
+		object_ptr<ArrayString> row(new ArrayString);
+		if(need_pre_post_match) {
+			*row+=mid(0, prefinish); // .prematch column value
+			*row+=mid(prefinish, poststart); // .match
+			*row+=mid(poststart, postfinish); // .postmatch
+		} else {
+			*row+=0; // .prematch column value
+			*row+=0; // .match
+			*row+=0; // .postmatch
+		}
+		
+		for(int i=1; i<exec_substrings; i++) {
+			// -1:-1 case handled peacefully by mid() itself
+			*row+=mid(ovector[i*2+0], ovector[i*2+1]); // .i column value
+		}
+		
+		row_action(table, row, prestart, prefinish, poststart, postfinish, info);
+
+		if(!global || prestart==poststart) { // not global | going to hang
+			pcre_free(code);
+			row_action(table, Array0/*last time, no row*/, 0, 0, poststart, postfinish, info);
+			return table;
 		}
+		prestart=poststart;
+
+/*
+		if(option_bits[0] & PCRE_MULTILINE)
+			exec_option_bits|=PCRE_NOTBOL; // start of subject+startoffset not BOL
+*/
 	}
 }
 
-bool String_iterator::skip_to(char c) {
-	while(!feof) {
-		void *pos=memchr(read_here->ptr+offset, c, read_here->size-offset);
-		if(pos) {
-			offset=pos-read_here->ptr;
-			return true;
+const String& String::change_caseCharset& source_charset, Change_case_kind kind) {
+	const String& result(new String());
+
+	const unsigned char *tables=source_charset.pcre_tables;
+
+	const unsigned char *a;
+	const unsigned char *b;
+	switch(kind) {
+	case CC_UPPER:
+		a=tables+lcc_offset;
+		b=tables+fcc_offset;
+		break;
+	case CC_LOWER:
+		a=tables+lcc_offset;
+		b=0;
+		break;
+	default:
+		throw Exception(0, 
+			String* (this), 
+			"unknown change case kind #%d", 
+				static_cast<int>(kind)); // never
+		a=b=0; // calm, compiler
+		break; // never
+	}	
+
+	STRING_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+		char *new_cstr=new char[fragment->size];
+		char *dest=new_cstr;
+		const char* end=fragment->ptr+fragment->size;
+		for(const char* current=fragment->ptr; current<end; current++) {
+			unsigned char c=a[(unsigned char)*current];
+			if(b)
+				c=b[c];
+
+			*dest++=(char)c;
+		}
+		
+		result->APPEND(new_cstr, fragment->size, 
+			fragment->lang,
+			fragment->origin.file, fragment->origin.line);
+	);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+/// @test if in some piece were found no dict words, append it, not it's duplicate
+const String& String::replaceconst Dictionary& dict) const {
+	const String& result(new String());
+	const char* lcstr(cstr());
+	const char* current=lcstr.get();
+
+	STRING_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+IFNDEF_NO_STRING_ORIGIN(
+		const char* joined_origin_file=fragment->origin.file;
+		const size_t joined_origin_line=fragment->origin.line;
+);
+		String_UL joined_lang=fragment->lang;
+		const char* joined_ptr=current;
+		// calc size
+		size_t joined_size=0;
+		STRING_PREPARED_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+			if(fragment->lang==joined_lang)
+				joined_size+=fragment->size;
+			else
+				break; // before non-ours
+		);
+		current+=joined_size;
+
+		// pointers are after joined piece
+		// & one step back, see STRING_PREPARED_FOREACH_FRAGMENT
+		--fragment;
+		
+		char *new_cstr=new char[(size_t)ceil(joined_size*dict.max_ratio())];
+		char *dest=new_cstr;
+		while(joined_size) {
+			// there is a fragment where first column starts 'joined_ptr'
+			if(Table::element_type row=dict.first_that_starts(joined_ptr, joined_size)) {
+				// get a=>b values
+				const String& a=row->get(0);
+				const String& b=row->get(1);
+				// skip 'a' in 'joined_ptr' && reduce work size
+				joined_ptr+=a->size();  joined_size-=a->size();
+				// write 'b' to 'dest' && skip 'b' in 'dest'
+				b->store_to(dest, String::UL_AS_IS);  dest+=b->size();
+			} else {
+				// write a char to b && reduce work size
+				*dest++=*joined_ptr++;  joined_size--;
+			}
 		}
 
-		if(++read_here==string.append_here) {
-			feof=true;
+		result->APPEND(new_cstr, dest-new_cstr, joined_lang,
+			joined_origin_file, joined_origin_line);
+	);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+const String& String::join_chains() const {
+	const String& result(new String());
+	
+	char *pooled_buf=new char[cstr_bufsize()];
+	store_to(pooled_buf, String::UL_AS_IS);
+	const char* current=pooled_buf;
+
+	STRING_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+IFNDEF_NO_STRING_ORIGIN(
+		const char* joined_origin_file=fragment->origin.file;
+		const size_t joined_origin_line=fragment->origin.line;
+);
+		String_UL joined_lang=fragment->lang;
+		const char* joined_ptr=current;
+		// calc size
+		size_t joined_size=0;
+		STRING_PREPARED_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+			if(fragment->lang==joined_lang)
+				joined_size+=fragment->size;
+			else
+				break; // before non-ours
+		);
+		current+=joined_size;
+
+		// pointers are after joined piece
+		// & one step back, see STRING_PREPARED_FOREACH_FRAGMENT
+		--fragment;
+		
+		result->APPEND(joined_ptr, joined_size, joined_lang,
+			joined_origin_file, joined_origin_line);
+	);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+double String::as_double() { 
+	double result;
+	char buf[MAX_STRING];
+	if(size()>MAX_STRING-1)
+		throw Exception("number.format",
+			String* (this),
+			"invalid number too long a string (%u>%u)", size(), MAX_STRING-1);
+	char *eol=store_to(buf, String::UL_AS_IS); *eol=0;
+	const char* cstr=buf;
+
+	while(*cstr && isspace(*cstr))
+		cstr++;
+	if(!*cstr)
+		return 0;
+
+	char *error_pos;
+	// 0xABC
+	if(cstr[0]=='0')
+		if(cstr[1]=='x' || cstr[1]=='X')
+			result=(double)(unsigned long)strtol(cstr, &error_pos, 0);
+		else
+			result=(double)strtod(cstr+1/*skip leading 0*/, &error_pos);
+	else
+		result=(double)strtod(cstr, &error_pos);
+
+	while(char c=*error_pos++)
+		if(!isspace(c))
+			throw Exception("number.format",
+				String* (this),
+				"invalid number (double)");
+
+	return result;
+}
+int String::as_int() { 
+	int result;
+	char buf[MAX_STRING];
+	if(size()>MAX_STRING-1)
+		throw Exception("number.format",
+			String* (this),
+			"invalid number too long a string (%u>%u)", size(), MAX_STRING-1);
+	char *eol=store_to(buf, String::UL_AS_IS); *eol=0;
+	const char* cstr=buf;
+
+	while(*cstr && isspace(*cstr))
+		cstr++;
+	if(!*cstr)
+		return 0;
+
+	char *error_pos;
+	// 0xABC
+	if(cstr[0]=='0')
+		if(cstr[1]=='x' || cstr[1]=='X')
+			result=(int)(unsigned long)strtol(cstr, &error_pos, 0);
+		else
+			result=(int)strtol(cstr+1/*skip leading 0*/, &error_pos, 0);
+	else
+		result=(int)strtol(cstr, &error_pos, 0);
+
+	while(char c=*error_pos++)
+		if(!isspace(c))
+			throw Exception("number.format",
+				String* (this),
+				"invalid number (int)");
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+inline void uint2uchars(uint word, uchar *bytes) {
+	bytes[0]=word&0xFF;
+	bytes[1]=(word>>8)&0xFF;
+	bytes[2]=(word>>16)&0xFF;
+	bytes[3]=(word>>24)&0xFF;
+}
+inline uint uchars2uint(uchar *bytes) {
+	return bytes[3]<<24
+		| bytes[2]<<16
+		| bytes[1]<<8
+		| bytes[0];
+}
+
+void String::serializesize_t prolog_size, char *& buf, size_t& buf_size) const {
+	buf_size=
+		prolog_size
+		+fused*(sizeof(String_UL)+sizeof(size_t))
+		+size();
+	buf=new char[buf_size];
+	char *cur=buf+prolog_size;
+
+	STRING_FOREACH_FRAGMENT(
+		// lang
+		memcpy(cur, &fragment->lang, sizeof(fragment->lang));
+		cur+=sizeof(fragment->lang);
+		// size
+		// bug on some sparc platform [you can't work with integers on odd pointers]
+		// forces us to use byte array instead
+		uchar bytes[4];
+		uint2uchars(fragment->size, bytes);
+		memcpy(cur, &bytes, sizeof(bytes)); cur+=sizeof(bytes);
+		// bytes
+		memcpy(cur, fragment->ptr, fragment->size);
+		cur+=fragment->size;
+	);
+}
+bool String::deserialize(size_t prolog_size, void *buf, size_t buf_size, const char* file) {
+	if(buf_size<=prolog_size)
+		return false;
+
+	char *cur=(char *)buf+prolog_size;
+	buf_size-=prolog_size;
+
+	while(buf_size) {
+		if(sizeof(String_UL)+sizeof(size_t)>buf_size) // lang+size
 			return false;
-		}
-		offset=0;
-		if(read_here==link_row) {
-			Chunk *chunk=link_row->link;
-			if(!chunk)
-				string.pool.exception().raise(
-					"String_iterator::skip_to(char) missed "
-					"read_here==string.append_here check");
-
-			read_here=chunk->rows;
-			link_row=chunk->rows[chunk->count];
-		}
-	}
-	return false;
-}
-
-int String_iterator::skip_to(Char_type& types) {
-	for(; !feof; skip())
-		if(char type=types.get(operator()))
-			return type;
-	return 0;
+
+		String_UL lang=*(String_UL *)(cur);		
+		size_t size=uchars2uint((uchar *)cur);
+
+		size_t piece_size=sizeof(String_UL)+sizeof(size_t)+size;
+		if(piece_size>buf_size) // buffer overrun, can be on incomplete cache files
+			return false;
+
+		const char* ptr=(const char*)(cur+sizeof(String_UL)+sizeof(size_t)); 
+		APPEND(ptr, size, lang, file, 0);
+
+		cur+=piece_size;
+		buf_size-=piece_size;
+	}
+	return true;
 }