--- parser3/src/main/execute.C	2003/03/26 07:45:23	1.295.2.27.2.10
+++ parser3/src/main/execute.C	2003/04/03 10:48:25	1.295.2.27.2.19
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 	Author: Alexandr Petrosian <paf@design.ru> (http://paf.design.ru)
 */
 
-static const char* IDENT_EXECUTE_C="$Date: 2003/03/26 07:45:23 $";
+static const char* IDENT_EXECUTE_C="$Date: 2003/04/03 10:48:25 $";
 
 #include "pa_opcode.h"
 #include "pa_array.h" 
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ static const char* IDENT_EXECUTE_C="$Dat
 #include "pa_vimage.h"
 #include "pa_wwrapper.h"
 
-// #define DEBUG_EXECUTE
-#define PA_DEBUG_NO_STACK_TRACE
+//#define DEBUG_EXECUTE
 
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
 char *opcode_name[]={
@@ -71,20 +70,20 @@ void debug_printf(SAPI_Info& sapi_info,
 void debug_dump(SAPI_Info& sapi_info, int level, ArrayOperation& ops) {
 	Array_iterator<Operation> i(ops);
 	while(i.has_next()) {
-		Operation op=i.next();
+		OPCODE opcode=i.next().code();
 
-		if(op.code==OP_VALUE || op.code==OP_STRING__WRITE) {
-			Value* value=i.next().value;
+		if(opcode==OP_VALUE || opcode==OP_STRING__WRITE) {
+			Value& value=*i.next().value;
 			debug_printf(sapi_info, 
 				"%*s%s"
 				" \"%s\" %s", 
-				level*4, "", opcode_name[op.code],
-				value->get_string()->cstr(), value->type());
+				level*4, "", opcode_name[opcode],
+				value.get_string()->cstr(), value.type());
 			continue;
 		}
-		debug_printf(sapi_info, "%*s%s", level*4, "", opcode_name[op.code]);
+		debug_printf(sapi_info, "%*s%s", level*4, "", opcode_name[opcode]);
 
-		switch(op.code) {
+		switch(opcode) {
 		case OP_CURLY_CODE__STORE_PARAM: 
 		case OP_EXPR_CODE__STORE_PARAM:
 		case OP_CURLY_CODE__CONSTRUCT:
@@ -103,41 +102,36 @@ void debug_dump(SAPI_Info& sapi_info, in
 // Request
 
 void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& ops) {
-//	_asm int 3;
+	register Stack<StackItem>& stack=this->stack; // helps a lot on MSVC: 'esi'
+
+	const String* debug_name=0;  Operation::Info debug_info;  //bool is_debug_junction=false;
+	try{
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
 	debug_printf(sapi_info, "source----------------------------\n");
 	debug_dump(sapi_info, 0, ops);
 	debug_printf(sapi_info, "execution-------------------------\n");
 #endif
-	Array_iterator<Operation> i(ops);
-	Value* value;
-	Value* a; Value* b;
-	
-	const String* name;
-	Value* ncontext;
-
-	ArrayOperation* local_ops;
-
-	while(i.has_next()) {
+	for(Array_iterator<Operation> i(ops); i.has_next(); ) {
 		if(get_interrupted()) {
 			set_interrupted(false);
 			throw Exception("parser.interrupted",
 				0,
 				"execution stopped");
 		}
+		Operation::Info opinfo=i.next().info;
 
-		Operation op=i.next();
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
-		debug_printf(sapi_info, "%d:%s", stack.top_index()+1, opcode_name[op.code]);
+		debug_printf(sapi_info, "%d:%s", stack.top_index()+1, opcode_name[opinfo.code()]);
 #endif
 
-		switch(op.code) {
+		switch(opinfo.code()) {
 		// param in next instruction
 		case OP_VALUE:
 			{
-				value=i.next().value;
+				debug_info=opinfo;
+				Value& value=*i.next().value;
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
-				debug_printf(sapi_info, " \"%s\" %s", value->get_string()->cstr(), value->type());
+				debug_printf(sapi_info, " \"%s\" %s", value.get_string()->cstr(), value.type());
 #endif
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
@@ -147,31 +141,31 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				// maybe they do ^class:method[] call, remember the fact
 				wcontext->set_somebody_entered_some_class();
 
-				name=stack.pop().string();
-				value=classes().get(*name);
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();
+				Value* value=classes().get(name);
 				if(!value) 
 					throw Exception("parser.runtime",
-						name,
+						&name,
 						"class is undefined"); 
 
-				stack.push(value);
+				stack.push(*value);
 				break;
 			}
 			
 		// OP_WITH
 		case OP_WITH_ROOT:
 			{
-				stack.push(method_frame);
+				stack.push(*method_frame);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_WITH_SELF: 
 			{
-				stack.push(&get_self());
+				stack.push(get_self());
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_WITH_READ: 
 			{
-				stack.push(rcontext);
+				stack.push(*rcontext);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_WITH_WRITE: 
@@ -181,17 +175,17 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 						0,
 						"$.name outside of $name[...]");
 
-				stack.push(wcontext);
+				stack.push(*wcontext);
 				break;
 			}
 			
 		// OTHER ACTIONS BUT WITHs
 		case OP_CONSTRUCT_VALUE:
 			{
-				value=stack.pop().value;
-				name=stack.pop().string();
-				ncontext=stack.pop().value;
-				ncontext->put_element(*name, value, false);
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				ncontext.put_element(name, &value, false);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_CONSTRUCT_EXPR:
@@ -199,51 +193,51 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				// see OP_PREPARE_TO_EXPRESSION
 				wcontext->set_in_expression(false);
 
-				value=stack.pop().value;
-				name=stack.pop().string();
-				ncontext=stack.pop().value;
-				ncontext->put_element(*name, value->as_expr_result(), false);
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				ncontext.put_element(name, &value.as_expr_result(), false);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_CURLY_CODE__CONSTRUCT:
 			{
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=*i.next().ops;
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
-				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops->count());
-				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, *local_ops);
+				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops.count());
+				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, local_ops);
 #endif				
-				value=new VJunction(new Junction( 
+				Value& value=*new VJunction(new Junction( 
 					get_self(), 0,
 					method_frame, 
 					rcontext, 
 					wcontext, 
-					local_ops));
+					&local_ops));
 
-				name=stack.pop().string();
-				ncontext=stack.pop().value;
-				ncontext->put_element(*name, value, false);
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				ncontext.put_element(name, &value, false);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NESTED_CODE:
 			{
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=*i.next().ops;
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
-				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops->count());
-				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, *local_ops);
+				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops.count());
+				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, local_ops);
 #endif				
 				stack.push(local_ops);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_WRITE_VALUE:
 			{
-				value=stack.pop().value;
-				write_assign_lang(*value);
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
+				write_assign_lang(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_WRITE_EXPR_RESULT:
 			{
-				value=stack.pop().value;
-				write_no_lang(*value->as_expr_result());
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
+				write_no_lang(value.as_expr_result());
 
 				// must be after write(result) and 
 				// see OP_PREPARE_TO_EXPRESSION
@@ -252,7 +246,7 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 			}
 		case OP_STRING__WRITE:
 			{
-				value=i.next().value;
+				Value* value=i.next().value;
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
 				debug_printf(sapi_info, " \"%s\"", value->get_string()->cstr());
 #endif
@@ -262,28 +256,34 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 			
 		case OP_GET_ELEMENT_OR_OPERATOR:
 			{
-				value=get_element(true);
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=get_element(ncontext, name, true);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_GET_ELEMENT:
 			{
-				value=get_element(false);
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=get_element(ncontext, name, false);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 
 		case OP_GET_ELEMENT__WRITE:
 			{
-				value=get_element(false);
-				write_assign_lang(*value);
+				const String& name=stack.pop().string();  debug_name=&name;
+				Value& ncontext=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=get_element(ncontext, name, false);
+				write_assign_lang(value);
 				break;
 			}
 
 
 		case OP_OBJECT_POOL:
 			{
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=*i.next().ops;
 				
 				WContext *saved_wcontext=wcontext;
 				String::Language saved_lang=flang;
@@ -291,55 +291,55 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				WWrapper local(0/*empty*/, wcontext);
 				wcontext=&local;
 
-				execute(*local_ops);
+				execute(local_ops);
 
-				value=&wcontext->result().as_value();
+				stack.push(wcontext->result().as_value());
 				flang=saved_lang;
 				wcontext=saved_wcontext;
-				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 			
 		case OP_STRING_POOL:
 			{
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=*i.next().ops;
 
 				WContext *saved_wcontext=wcontext;
 				WWrapper local(0 /*empty*/, wcontext);
 				wcontext=&local;
 
-				execute(*local_ops);
+				execute(local_ops);
 
+				Value* value;
 				// from "$a $b" part of expression taking only string value,
 				// ignoring any other content of wcontext
 				if(const String* string=wcontext->get_string())
 					value=new VString(*string);
 				else
 					value=new VVoid;
+				stack.push(*value);
 
 				wcontext=saved_wcontext;
-				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 
 		// CALL
 		case OP_STORE_PARAM:
 			{
-				value=stack.pop().value;
-				VMethodFrame *frame=stack.top_value().method_frame;
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
+				VMethodFrame& frame=stack.top_value().method_frame();
 				// this op is executed from CALL local_ops only, so may skip the check "method_frame_to_fill==0"
-				frame->store_param(*value);
+				frame.store_param(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_CURLY_CODE__STORE_PARAM:
 		case OP_EXPR_CODE__STORE_PARAM:
 			{
 				// code
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
-				VMethodFrame *frame=stack.top_value().method_frame;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=*i.next().ops;
+				VMethodFrame& frame=stack.top_value().method_frame();
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
-				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops->count());
-				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, *local_ops);
+				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops.count());
+				debug_dump(sapi_info, 1, local_ops);
 #endif				
 				// when they evaluate expression parameter,
 				// the object expression result
@@ -348,15 +348,15 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				// hence, we zero junction.wcontext here, and later
 				// in .process we would test that field 
 				// in decision "which wwrapper to use"
-				value=new VJunction(new Junction(
+				Value& value=*new VJunction(new Junction(
 					get_self(), 0,
 					method_frame, 
 					rcontext, 
-					op.code==OP_EXPR_CODE__STORE_PARAM?0:wcontext, 
-					local_ops));
+					opinfo.code()==OP_EXPR_CODE__STORE_PARAM?0:wcontext, 
+					&local_ops));
 				// store param
 				// this op is executed from CALL local_ops only, so can not check method_frame_to_fill==0
-				frame->store_param(*value);
+				frame.store_param(value);
 				break;
 			}
 
@@ -375,7 +375,8 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 		case OP_CALL:
 		case OP_CALL__WRITE:
 			{
-				local_ops=i.next().ops;
+				//is_debug_junction=true;
+				ArrayOperation* local_ops=i.next().ops;
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
 				debug_printf(sapi_info, " (%d)\n", local_ops?local_ops->count():0);
 				if(local_ops)
@@ -383,14 +384,20 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 
 				debug_printf(sapi_info, "->\n");
 #endif
-				value=stack.pop().value;
+				Value& value=stack.pop().value();
 
-				Junction* junction=value->get_junction();
-				if(!junction)
-					throw Exception("parser.runtime",
-						0,
-						"(%s) not a method or junction, can not call it",
-							value->type());
+				Junction* junction=value.get_junction();
+				if(!junction) {
+					if(value.is("void"))
+						throw Exception("parser.runtime",
+							0,
+							"undefined method");
+					else
+						throw Exception("parser.runtime",
+							0,
+							"is '%s', not a method or junction, can not call it",
+								value.type());
+				}
 				/* no check needed, code compiled the way that that's impossible
 				// check: 
 				//	that this is method-junction, not a code-junction
@@ -400,15 +407,15 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				if(!junction->method)
 					throw Exception("parser.runtime",
 						
-						"(%s) is code junction, can not call it",
-							value->type());
+						"is '%s', it is code junction, can not call it",
+							value.type());
 				*/
 
 				VMethodFrame frame(*junction, method_frame/*caller*/);
 				if(local_ops){ // store param code goes here
-					stack.push(&frame); // argument for *STORE_PARAM ops
+					stack.push(frame); // argument for *STORE_PARAM ops
 					execute(*local_ops);
-					stack.pop().value;
+					stack.pop().value();
 				}
 				frame.fill_unspecified_params();
 				VMethodFrame *saved_method_frame=method_frame;
@@ -454,26 +461,16 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 					if(
 						method.call_type==Method::CT_ANY ||
 						method.call_type==call_type) { // allowed call type?
-#ifndef PA_DEBUG_NO_STACK_TRACE
-						try {
-#endif
-							method_frame=&frame;
-							if(method.native_code) { // native code?
-								method.check_actual_numbered_params(
-									frame.junction.self, 
-									/*frame.name(), */frame.numbered_params());
-								method.native_code(
-									*this, 
-									/*frame.name(), */frame.numbered_params()); // execute it
-							} else // parser code, execute it
-								recoursion_checked_execute(/*frame.name(), */*method.parser_code);
-#ifndef PA_DEBUG_NO_STACK_TRACE
-						} catch(...) {
-							// record it to stack trace
-							exception_trace.push(frame.name());
-							rethrow;
-						}
-#endif
+						method_frame=&frame;
+						if(method.native_code) { // native code?
+							method.check_actual_numbered_params(
+								frame.junction.self, 
+								/*frame.name(), */frame.numbered_params());
+							method.native_code(
+								*this, 
+								*frame.numbered_params()); // execute it
+						} else // parser code, execute it
+							recoursion_checked_execute(/*frame.name(), */*method.parser_code);
 					} else
 						throw Exception("parser.runtime",
 							0, //&frame.name(),
@@ -487,66 +484,67 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 				rcontext=saved_rcontext;
 				method_frame=saved_method_frame;
 
-				if(op.code==OP_CALL__WRITE) {
+				if(opinfo.code()==OP_CALL__WRITE) {
 					write_assign_lang(result);
 				} else { // OP_CALL
-					stack.push(&result.as_value());
+					stack.push(result.as_value());
 				}
 				
 #ifdef DEBUG_EXECUTE
 				debug_printf(sapi_info, "<-returned");
 #endif
+				//is_debug_junction=false;
 				break;
 			}
 
 		// expression ops: unary
 		case OP_NEG:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VDouble(-a->as_double());
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(-a.as_double());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_INV:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VDouble(~a->as_int());
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(~a.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NOT:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(!a->as_bool());
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(!a.as_bool());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_DEF:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->is_defined());
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.is_defined());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_IN:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				const String& path=a->as_string();
-				value=new VBool(request_info.uri && *request_info.uri && path.this_starts(request_info.uri));
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				const String& path=a.as_string();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(request_info.uri && *request_info.uri && path.this_starts(request_info.uri));
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_FEXISTS:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(file_readable(absolute(a->as_string())));
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(file_readable(absolute(a.as_string())));
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_DEXISTS:
 			{
-				a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(dir_readable(absolute(a->as_string())));
+				Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(dir_readable(absolute(a.as_string())));
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
@@ -554,254 +552,254 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 		// expression ops: binary
 		case OP_SUB: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VDouble(a->as_double() - b->as_double());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(a.as_double() - b.as_double());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_ADD: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VDouble(a->as_double() + b->as_double());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(a.as_double() + b.as_double());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_MUL: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VDouble(a->as_double() * b->as_double());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(a.as_double() * b.as_double());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_DIV: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
 
-				double a_double=a->as_double();
-				double b_double=b->as_double();
+				double a_double=a.as_double();
+				double b_double=b.as_double();
 
 				if(b_double == 0) {
-					//const String* problem_source=b->as_string();
+					//const String* problem_source=b.as_string();
 					throw Exception("number.zerodivision",
 						0, //problem_source,
 						"Division by zero");
 				}
 
-				value=new VDouble(a_double / b_double);
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(a_double / b_double);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_MOD: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
 
-				double a_double=a->as_double();
-				double b_double=b->as_double();
+				double a_double=a.as_double();
+				double b_double=b.as_double();
 
 				if(b_double == 0) {
-					//const String* problem_source=b->as_string();
+					//const String* problem_source=b.as_string();
 					throw Exception("number.zerodivision",
 						0, //problem_source,
 						"Modulus by zero");
 				}
 
-				value=new VDouble(fmod(a_double, b_double));
+				Value& value=*new VDouble(fmod(a_double, b_double));
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_INTDIV:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
 
-				int a_int=a->as_int();
-				int b_int=b->as_int();
+				int a_int=a.as_int();
+				int b_int=b.as_int();
 
 				if(b_int == 0) {
-					//const String* problem_source=b->as_string();
+					//const String* problem_source=b.as_string();
 					throw Exception("number.zerodivision",
 						0, //problem_source,
 						"Division by zero");
 				}
 
-				value=new VInt(a_int / b_int);
+				Value& value=*new VInt(a_int / b_int);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_BIN_SL:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VInt(
-					a->as_int() <<
-					b->as_int());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VInt(
+					a.as_int() <<
+					b.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_BIN_SR:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VInt(
-					a->as_int() >>
-					b->as_int());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VInt(
+					a.as_int() >>
+					b.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_BIN_AND:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VInt(
-					a->as_int() &
-					b->as_int());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VInt(
+					a.as_int() &
+					b.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_BIN_OR:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VInt(
-					a->as_int() |
-					b->as_int());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VInt(
+					a.as_int() |
+					b.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_BIN_XOR:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VInt(
-					a->as_int() ^
-					b->as_int());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VInt(
+					a.as_int() ^
+					b.as_int());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_LOG_AND:
 			{
-				local_ops=stack.pop().ops;  a=stack.pop().value;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=stack.pop().ops();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
 				bool result;
-				if(a->as_bool()) {
-					execute(*local_ops);
-					b=stack.pop().value;
-					result=b->as_bool();
+				if(a.as_bool()) {
+					execute(local_ops);
+					Value& b=stack.pop().value();
+					result=b.as_bool();
 				} else
 					result=false;
-				value=new VBool(result);
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_LOG_OR:
 			{
-				local_ops=stack.pop().ops;  a=stack.pop().value;
+				ArrayOperation& local_ops=stack.pop().ops();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
 				bool result;
-				if(a->as_bool()) 
+				if(a.as_bool()) 
 					result=true;
 				else {
-					execute(*local_ops);
-					b=stack.pop().value;
-					result=b->as_bool();
+					execute(local_ops);
+					Value& b=stack.pop().value();
+					result=b.as_bool();
 				}
-				value=new VBool(result);
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_LOG_XOR:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_bool() ^ b->as_bool());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_bool() ^ b.as_bool());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_LT: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result < 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result < 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_GT: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result > 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result > 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_LE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result <= 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result <= 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_GE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result >= 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result >= 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_EQ: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result == 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result == 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_NUM_NE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				double result=a->as_double() - b->as_double();
-				value=new VBool(result != 0.0);
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				double result=a.as_double() - b.as_double();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(result != 0.0);
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_LT: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() < b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() < b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_GT: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() > b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() > b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_LE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() <= b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() <= b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_GE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() >= b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() >= b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_EQ: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() == b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() == b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_STR_NE: 
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->as_string() != b->as_string());
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.as_string() != b.as_string());
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
 		case OP_IS:
 			{
-				b=stack.pop().value;  a=stack.pop().value;
-				value=new VBool(a->is(b->as_string().cstr()));
+				Value& b=stack.pop().value();  Value& a=stack.pop().value();
+				Value& value=*new VBool(a.is(b.as_string().cstr()));
 				stack.push(value);
 				break;
 			}
@@ -809,18 +807,23 @@ void Request::execute(ArrayOperation& op
 		default:
 			throw Exception(0,
 				0,
-				"invalid opcode %d", op.code); 
+				"invalid opcode %d", opinfo.code()); 
 		}
 	}
+	} catch(...) {
+		// record it to stack trace
+		//if(is_debug_junction)
+			if(debug_name)
+				exception_trace.push(Trace(debug_name, debug_info));
+		rethrow;
+	}
 }
 
 /**
 	@todo cache|prepare junctions
 	@bug ^superbase:method would dynamically call ^base:method if there is any
 */
-Value* Request::get_element(bool can_call_operator) {
-	const String& name=*stack.pop().string();  //remember_name=name;
-	Value* ncontext=stack.pop().value;
+Value& Request::get_element(Value& ncontext, const String& name, bool can_call_operator) {
 	Value* value=0;
 	if(can_call_operator) {
 		if(Method* method=main_class.get_method(name)) // looking operator of that name FIRST
@@ -830,7 +833,7 @@ Value* Request::get_element(bool can_cal
 	if(!value) {
 		if(!wcontext->get_constructing() // not constructing
 			&& wcontext->get_somebody_entered_some_class() ) // ^class:method
-			if(VStateless_class *called_class=ncontext->get_class())
+			if(VStateless_class *called_class=ncontext.get_class())
 				if(VStateless_class *read_class=rcontext->get_class())
 					if(read_class->derived_from(*called_class)) // current derived from called
 						if(Value* base=get_self().base()) { // doing DYNAMIC call
@@ -840,15 +843,15 @@ Value* Request::get_element(bool can_cal
 						}
 	}
 	if(!value)
-		value=ncontext->get_element(name, *ncontext, false);
+		value=ncontext.get_element(name, ncontext, false);
 
 	if(value && wcontext->get_constructing())
 		if(Junction* junction=value->get_junction()) {
-			if(junction->self.get_class()!=ncontext)
+			if(junction->self.get_class()!=&ncontext)
 				throw Exception("parser.runtime",
 					&name,
 					"constructor must be declared in class '%s'", 
-						ncontext->get_class()->name_cstr());
+						ncontext.get_class()->name_cstr());
 		}
 
 value_ready:
@@ -857,7 +860,7 @@ value_ready:
 	else
 		value=new VVoid;
 
-	return value;
+	return *value;
 }
 
 /**	@param intercept_string